The prevailing picture of AI risk is a picture of error: the machine is wrong and we are misled. This paper argues that a more insidious risk lies in relief. A fluent, confident answer relieves the discomfort of not knowing, and…
Public debate about terrorism keeps asking which religion is to blame. This article argues that the question is badly posed. Terrorism is better explained by a structure of belief called lethal certainty: certainty that has…
When a confident answer arrives in seconds, the mind relaxes. That relief can feel like knowledge. Often it is only certainty we have borrowed — and the vigilance we owe our own judgements is what we risk losing.
When artificial intelligence (AI) systems rank, flag, and recommend inside public administration, the philosophically interesting question is not only whether their outputs are accurate but where advice ends and authoritative…
Chatbots built from the messages, voice recordings and posts of people who have died are now sold as aids to mourning. Most ethical discussion of these "griefbots" asks whether they help or harm the bereaved, or whether the…
يدرس هذا البحث الإرهاب المؤدلج لا بوصفه انفجارًا مفاجئًا للعنف، بل بوصفه حصيلة بناء فكري وتنظيمي متدرّج تُصاغ فيه الطاعة قبل أن تُصاغ البندقية. وينطلق من سؤال فلسفي محدد: كيف تتحول فكرة دينية-سياسية إلى ترخيص أخلاقي بالقتل، ثم…
The Muslim Brotherhood presents European democracies with a problem their constitutional traditions were not built to solve. Founded in Egypt in 1928 as a political project, it has operated in Europe for decades through…
Public debate about artificial intelligence in government usually asks whether machine outputs are accurate, fair or explainable. This paper asks a prior question: by what right does a machine output bind anyone? Drawing on…
Commercial aviation is the outstanding success story of human-machine collaboration. Between the decades 2006–2015 and 2016–2025 the worldwide commercial jet fleet's fatal accident rate fell by 60 per cent while departures grew…