The prevailing picture of AI risk is a picture of error: the machine is wrong and we are misled. This paper argues that a more insidious risk lies in relief. A fluent, confident answer relieves the discomfort of not knowing, and…
When a government ministry drafts a policy brief with a foreign large language model, when a schoolchild receives homework explanations shaped by training data collected far from home, and when a public portal answers citizens in…
When a confident answer arrives in seconds, the mind relaxes. That relief can feel like knowledge. Often it is only certainty we have borrowed — and the vigilance we owe our own judgements is what we risk losing.
When artificial intelligence (AI) systems rank, flag, and recommend inside public administration, the philosophically interesting question is not only whether their outputs are accurate but where advice ends and authoritative…
Government AI systems often become permanent by inertia: pilots harden into infrastructure without a scheduled decision to continue. Drawing on the legislative idea of sunset clauses, this policy essay argues that significant…
Gulf states are racing to host artificial intelligence (AI) compute on their own soil while remaining deeply dependent on foreign chips, cloud platforms, and export-control regimes. This study examines that paradox as a strategic…
This article develops the concept of algorithmic wasta to explain how artificial intelligence (AI) hiring tools remake social capital in Gulf labour markets, where intercessory networks have long shaped access to jobs, promotion,…
Chatbots built from the messages, voice recordings and posts of people who have died are now sold as aids to mourning. Most ethical discussion of these "griefbots" asks whether they help or harm the bereaved, or whether the…
Arabic is spoken by hundreds of millions of people, but it is not one variety. Arabic speakers write and speak formally in Modern Standard Arabic and live much of their lives in regional dialects that differ widely from it and…
Public debate about artificial intelligence in government usually asks whether machine outputs are accurate, fair or explainable. This paper asks a prior question: by what right does a machine output bind anyone? Drawing on…
Commercial aviation is the outstanding success story of human-machine collaboration. Between the decades 2006–2015 and 2016–2025 the worldwide commercial jet fleet's fatal accident rate fell by 60 per cent while departures grew…